Wildlife crime policy and the law : an Australian study / Don McDowell
- Bib ID:
- 2993520
- Format:
- Book
- Author:
- McDowell, Don
- Description:
-
- [Canberra : Australian Govt. Pub. Service], 1997
- vi, 188 p. ; 25 cm.
- ISBN:
- 0644476117
- Full contents:
-
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- 1.1. About this assessment
- Setting policy
- The objectives and parameters of this study
- 1.2. Defining the setting
- The topic, the law and public perceptions
- Criminals or simple wrong-doers?
- Policies and commitment at all levels of government
- 1.3. Methodological approach used in this study
- Collecting both 'hard' and 'soft' data
- Accessing enforcement and compliance-related data
- Client expectations and their impact on project design
- Interaction with members of the public
- Ensuring sensitivity
- Estimating the size of the problem
- ch. 2. Wildlife legislation
- 2.1. Federal and State responsibilities for the regulation of the movement of wildlife
- 2.2. The influence of historical antecedents on the development of wildlife legislation at the State level
- 2.3. The marketplace
- Efectively regulating the marketplace
- The objectives of effective regulation
- 2.4. Legislative provisions for intra-state transactions in fauna
- 2.5. Legislative provisions for interstate transactions
- Reverse onus of proof
- The range of species available for possession
- Involvement of non-regulatory personnel in detection of trafficking
- Anomalies
- 2.6. Non-legislative administrative provisions
- Containment and monitoring of transaction provisions
- 2.7. Potential for laundering of illegal activities through a record-keeping system
- ch. 3. Wildlife enforcement: structures and mechanisms
- 3.1. The basic issues
- Defining the roles of enforcement
- Anti-crime activities v. compliance monitoring
- Differentiating between Federal and State/Territory roles
- 3.2. Federal enforcement arrangements
- Wildlife Australia
- The Australia Customs Service
- The Australian Quarantine Inspection Service
- The Australian Federal Police
- 3.3. State and Territory enforcement arrangements
- Parks and wildlife departments
- Other police forces
- The Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence
- 3.4. International cooperative agreements: CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
- ch. 4. Crime and wildlife
- 4.1. Illegal trading: differentiating crime and non-compliance
- Wildlife control regulations and their intent
- Permit-holders: keeping to the rules
- Opting out of the control systems
- Going beyond permit violations: the entry into crime
- 4.2. Types of offences involving Australian wildlife
- Permit violations and 'backyard trade'
- Organised illegal trading: the middle tier
- Serious, major crime activities: Australian and overseas markets
- 4.3. Smuggling exotica into Australia
- Illegal trafficking of exotica
- Potential risks to Australian wildlife, agriculture, animal and population health
- Policies, priorities and controls
- 4.4. Patterns of wildlife crime and non-compliance
- Measuring or estimating the extent of illegal activity
- Offences against Federal legislation
- Features of wildlife smuggling
- 4.5. The elements of criminal planning
- Selection of wildlife species for collection
- Determination of their likely markets and pricing structure
- Source locations for targeted widlife species
- Availability of skilled and experience participants
- Recruitment of 'support' participants
- Maps, sketches and photos of collection sites
- Local knowledge
- Travel arrangements: bases, staging points and collection sites
- Communication systems
- Concealment methods and special equipment needs - 4.6. Moving into crime
- Preparation, organisation and motivation
- 4.7. Facilitating conditions for wildlife crime
- Legislative gaps and inconsistencies
- Priority and resource differences between agencies
- Illegal focus on 'desirable' species of wildlife
- Criminal perceptions: availability of markets; high profit margins; low risk
- 4.8. The impact of wildlife crime
- Targeted wildlife species: attraction and intended markets
- Risk to wildlife populations and habitat
- Public reaction to wildlife trafficking
- Direct economic impact
- ch. 5. The conduct and impact of enforcement activity
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Agency priorities and the impact
- 5.3. Interagency arrangements and cooperation
- Annual wildlife enforcement seminars
- 5.4. Information, investigation and technology
- Information collection and data handling
- The application of computer technology
- Information sharing
- 5.5. Providing intelligences support to wildlife enforcement
- The need for intelligence
- Existing intelligence resources
- Arguing the case for intelligence in wildlife enforcement
- Options for centralised intelligence support
- Design features for a national widlife intelligence unit
- Staffing the intelligence apparatus
- 5.6. Enforcement outcomes and the measurement
- 5.7. Managing the enforcement of wildlife law
- Enforcement vis a vis public perceptions of crime
- 5.9. Attitude of the courts
- 5.10. Impact on criminals and other wrong-doers
- Repeat offences by individuals committing low-level crime
- Recidivism and more serious, organised wildlife crime
- Changes in criminal behaviour: the impact of enforcement action
- 5.11. International cooperative efforts in enforcement
- 5.12. Corruption of officials
- Public perception: folklore, assertion or evidence?
- Corrupt behaviour: opportunities and patterns
- Plcing corruption in perspective
- ch. 6. Key issues for wildlife futures
- 6.1. Perceptions of the wildlife 'problem'
- Personal belief systems and their impact on wildlife policy
- Wildlife species, interest groups and their focus
- Differentiating endagnered and at riks wildlife from other categories of wild species
- Understanding the disparate views: the public, industry and enforcement
- 6.2. Issues for policy-making, legislation, regulation and strategy development
- Rules, regulations and common sense: generating and evaluating possibilities for change
- Emotional, cultural and scientific views of wildlife crime: seeking sensible compromise
- Formulating policies to suit specific risk categories of wildlife
- Developing safeguards for the continuance of gene pools
- Deterring crime and minimising illegal market opportunities
- Public education, the media and public involvement in countering wildlife crime
- ch. 7. Wildlife policy and practice: options for change
- 7.1. The wildlife policy setting
- Defining national environmental and conservation objectives
- Competing pressures on wildlife: illegal trafficking; threatened habitat; gene pool reduction; natural predation
- Developing holistic policy options: addressing total wildlife protection needs
- 7.2. Policy development alternatives
- Federal and State/Territory legislation
- Enforcement roles and responsibilities
- 7.3. Conclusion
- appendix 1. Wildlife study: project directive and terms of references
- appendix 2. State and Territory wildlife legislation (includes table of comparison of trafficking provisions)
- appendix 3. Summary of Federal prosecutions under the Wildlife Protection (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1982
- appendix 4. Selected bibliography and further reading
- appendix 5. CITES: explanatory notes on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
- Notes:
-
- Includes list of State and Territory wildlife legislation.
- Bibliography; p. 185.
- Subject:
-
- Australia. Wildlife Protection (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1982
- Wild animal trade -- Corrupt practices -- Australia
- Endangered species
- Endangered species -- Law and legislation -- Australia
- Wildlife conservation -- Law and legislation -- Australia
- Endangered species -- Government policy -- Australia
- Wild animal trade -- Australia -- Corrupt practices
- Smuggling -- Australia -- Prevention
- Other authors/contributors:
- Australia. Environment Australia
- Terms of Use:
- Commonwealth of Australia 1997.
- Copyright:
-
In Copyright
You may copy under some circumstances, for example you may copy a portion for research or study. Order a copy through Copies Direct to the extent allowed under fair dealing. Contact us for further information about copying.
- Reason for copyright status:
- Until 2047 [Created/Published Date + 50 Years]
Copyright status was determined using the following information:
- Material type:
- Literary Dramatic Musical
- Published status:
- Published
- Publication date:
- 1997
Copyright status may not be correct if data in the record is incomplete or inaccurate. Other access conditions may also apply. For more information please see: Copyright in library collections.
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