Guide to the Papers of Garry Woodard

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MS 10135

National Library of Australia View Catalogue Record

Created: 2016

Collection Summary

Creator
Woodard, Garry, Mr
Title
Papers of Garry Woodard
Date Range
1944 - 2014
Collection Number
MS 10135
Extent
2.7 metres (17 ms boxes)
Language of Materials
English
Repository
National Library of Australia

Introduction

Scope and Contents

Personal archive of Garry Woodard documenting his diplomatic and academic career in Australian-Asian relations (1950s-1990s), including personal and business correspondence; personal reminiscences, a memoir, notes and correspondence relating to Sir Arthur Tange; and research notes and papers recording Australian participation in the Vietnam and Iraq Wars. The material also documents major figures in Australian international relations such as HV Evatt, RG Casey, Garfield Barwick, Paul Hasluck, Gough Whitlam and other important Department of Foreign Affairs personalities, together with papers relating to Australian foreign policy in China, Japan, Burma and the ANZUS alliance.

The National Library holds two oral histories, related to service in the Department of External Affairs (later Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) and Department of Defence (in intelligence assessment), with Michael Wilson TRC 2981/2 1993 and with Gary Sturgess TRC 6440/5 2012.

Finding Aid Source(s)

Please note: This finding aid may comprise or contain desciptive information provided by donors, researchers and/or volunteers.

Biographical Note

Charles Garrard (Garry) Woodard was born in Adelaide on 3 July 1929, graduated in Law from the University of Adelaide in 1951, and entered the Department of External Affairs in January 1952. From 1970 to 1973 he was the first head of the National Assessments Staff in the Joint Intelligence Organisation, Department of Defence. He was Ambassador to Burma 1973- 75, to China 1976-80, and High Commissioner to Malaysia 1980-83. He was DEA policy adviser on the US and on East Asia 1975-6, when negotiations were concluded for a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Australia and Japan, and 1985-6. He spent 1984 with the Westpac Bank under the Business Interchange Program. He retired in 1986, took an honorary appointment in the then Department of Political Science at the University of Melbourne, wrote widely, and maintained an active contact and correspondence with former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam and former Secretary of the Departments of External Affairs and Defence Sir Arthur Tange. He served for 15 years as a part-time member of the Federal Administrative Appeals Tribunal, and held positions on various boards, including the Australia-Japan Council, the Museum of Victoria, and the International Advisory Board of Wrights Investors Trust USA. He was active on a range of social issues and in the Australian Institute of International Affairs, of which he was national president from 1991-1993.

Item Descriptions

Class 1. Consignment received 2015

Series 1. Personal

Personal papers, 1980s-2000s (File 1) - Box 1

(1) Vice-Regal & other correspondence; (2) AAT, Unimelb, RMIT, Victoria University, LaTrobe, ANU, UCQ, Deakin, Museum of Victoria Council; (3) WESTPAC, Wright Investors Trust

Personal papers, 1970s-2000s (File 2) - Box 1
Adelaide University Law School Reminiscences, 1947-1951, 1980s-2000s (File 3) - Box 1
University of Melbourne, 1980s-2000s (File 4) - Box 1
The Australian Institute of International Affairs, 1980s-2000s (File 5) - Box 1

(a) Papers primarily related to national presidency 1991-3; (b) other material post-1993

The Australian Institute of International Affairs, 1980s-2010s (File 6) - Box 1
The Australian Institute of International Affairs, 1980s-2010s (File 7) - Box 2
The Australian Institute of International Affairs, 1980s-2010s (File 8) - Box 2

Series 2. Reminiscences

'Reminiscences' complement two oral histories in NLA related to government service, together with attachments, and photographs from postings in Burma, China and Malaysia, and a summary record of public activities from 1986.

Addendum 2014 to NLA Oral Histories (214 pp); with: reference & photograph attachments (68), 2014 (File 9) - Box 2
Reference & photograph attachments (1-16), 1986-2014 (File 10) - Box 2
Reference & photograph attachments (17-41), 1986-2014 (File 11) - Box 2
Reference & photograph attachments (42-55), 1986-2014 (File 12) - Box 3
Reference & photograph attachments (56-68), 1986-2014 (File 13) - Box 3
Intelligence (assessment) Interludes (1-4), 1981-2012 (File 14) - Box 3

With attachments (32) and Annex: ‘Enigmatic Variations: the development of national intelligence assessment in Australia’, Intelligence and National Security, 2001, with correspondence

Intelligence (assessment) Interludes (5-13), 1987-2012 (File 15) - Box 3
Intelligence (assessment) Interludes (14-21), 1958-1997 (File 16) - Box 3
Intelligence (assessment) Interludes (22-32), 1981-2004 (File 17) - Box 4

Series 3. Sir Arthur Tange

Woodard worked directly to Sir Arthur Tange in his last two years as Secretary of the Department of External Affairs and, more tangentially, in his first three years as Secretary of the Department of Defence. He met and corresponded with Tange from 1989 until 2000, the year before Tange's death. They cooperated in securing publication of an article by Tange in the Australian Journal of International Affairs, in obtaining a grant from the Pratt Foundation for secretarial support for Tange's Defence memoir, ultimately published in 2008, and in arranging an honorary visiting professorship for Tange at the Australian Defence Force Academy. Much of the correspondence and conversations were related to Woodard's publications about Australian foreign policy and provided the basis for his Memoir on Tange, with Notes and Annexes, which are supported by a significant number of documents, mainly from the National Archives of Australia, and some provided by Dr Bill Hudson and officers of the Historical Documents section of DFAT with the support of the Secretary. These documents help to trace the history of Australian foreign policy from 1945-1986 and support what might otherwise seem to be unconventional judgments about Tange's part in policy-making and public administration. During the period of their conversations and reminiscences, Tange provided some of his papers, particularly relating to drafts of an oral history. By letter and in his will he gave Woodard privileged access to his papers, now lodged in the National Library of Australia (MS9847). Major subjects of discussion were Tange's Ministers and his relations with them, Dr. John Burton, and relations between the Departments of External Affairs and Defence. Tange's memoir published in 2008 shows that the discussions were of mutual benefit.

Memoir (159 pp), 1990-2006 (File 18) - Box 4

With correspondence (26 letters from Tange and his son) (1) and notes (2): A. A profile in courage; B. Tange’s Papers in NLA (att: the Pentagon Papers). (2) And Annexes (6): ‘Ministers and Mandarins’ 2000 (correspondence Ashton Calvert, Bill Hudson) Conference in Washington Room, DFAT 1994 (& correspondence); Security issues in DEA (pp.8, atts 7); Tange in DoD in the Whitlam era (pp.39, atts 10); UK’s first application to join the EEC 1961-3 (3 attachments); Tange: The Father of Policy Planning 1963-5 (21 attachments); (3) And memoir references (111).

Correspondence, 1989-1996 (File 19) - Box 4
Correspondence, 1998-2005 (File 20) - Box 4
DFA’s relations with Defence in the 1940s: article ‘Cold War Down Under’ (APSA 1997) and correspondence, 1993-2005 (File 21) - Box 4
DFA’s relations with Defence in the 1940s: article ‘Cold War Down Under’ (APSA 1997) and correspondence, 1973-2001 (File 22) - Box 4
Correspondence (1-13), 1954-2013 (File 23) - Box 5
Correspondence (14-21), 1964-2010 (File 24) - Box 5
Correspondence (22-29) (1-12), 1965-1992 (File 25) - Box 5
Correspondence (13-21), 1944-1986 (File 26) - Box 5
Correspondence (22-34), 1950-1990 (File 27) - Box 5
Correspondence (35-47), 1950s (File 28) - Box 6
Correspondence (48-55), 1950s (File 29) - Box 6
Correspondence (56-80), 1947-2010 (File 30) - Box 6
Correspondence (81-99), 1957-1975 (File 31) - Box 6
Correspondence (100-111), 1958-1966 (File 32) - Box 6

Series 4. Australian decision-making on going to war: VIETNAM

In the year after Tange's death, Woodard began researching how Australia got into the Vietnam War, turning up new documents which validated Tange's reminiscences and his view that if Sir Garfield Barwick had not retired in April 1964 Australia would not have committed troops to Vietnam in the period December 1964-April 1965. The coincidence of writing on those decisions with Australia's decision to go to war in Iraq and the similar features provided the basis for an appendix to the book Asian Alternatives: Australia's Vietnam decision and lessons on going to war, for a number of articles and lectures etc., and for the formation of the Committee for an Inquiry into the War in Iraq, with the aim of making decisions on going to war more inclusive and transparent.

Papers relating to Asian Alternatives: Australia’s Vietnam decision and lessons on going to war (MUP E-book 2004) & correspondence, 2000-2010 (File 33) - Box 7

Correspondents include David Anderson, Robin Ashwin, Anne Blair, Peter Busch, Hal Colebatch, Bob Furlonger, Len Gilnour, Stuart Harris, Gordon Jockel, Kim Jpnes, Matthew Jones, Paul Kelly, Fred Logevall, Ian Macphee, Stuart Mcintyre, Bruce Miller, Robert Rabel, Peter Timmins, June Verrier, Mack Williams, & MUP.

Talks to NAA & Sydney Institute (2), Reviews & citations, 1995-2006 (File 34) - Box 7
Articles on Vietnam decision, including on Dec 17, 1964, Posts to H-Diplo, 1975-2012 (File 35) - Box 7

Series 5. Australia in the IRAQ War

Articles- originally posted, for 6 years, on MUP website: ‘Penetrating the Veil’ (2005); ‘We now know about going to war in Iraq’ (2007), Talks to ADC 30/7/02 and 2/03, Book review, AGE, 2002-2008 (File 36) - Box 7
‘Bound for Baghdad’ AFR, Other articles, including comparisons between Vietnam and Iraq wars, H-Diplo, ANU etc: Intelligence on Iraq, Supporting material on legality, 2003-2013 (File 37) - Box 7

Series 6. Declaring war – a Parliamentary role?

Appeal by the group of 43 retired diplomats and Services chiefs, 2004, correspondence, talk on war powers reform 2006, Submission & extracts of evidence to Senate Committee on the War Declaration Act, 2010, Committee for an Inquiry into the War in Iraq (CIWI), 2008-2013 (File 38) - Box 8

Series 7. Material relating to figures mentioned in Series 2 and Series 3

Writings and bio material about figures mentioned in Series 2 and Series 3. Material on Ministers of Foreign Affairs 1941-1973 including publications, research, and in some cases correspondence (particularly with Gough Whitlam). The Evatt papers include correspondence with, and material related to, Dr. John Burton, as Secretary of the Department of External Affairs, 1947-50.

Herbert Vere Evatt, R G Casey, 1943-1990 (File 39) - Box 8

(a) Anzac Pact 1944, & Correspondence - Angus McDonald, Frank Corner and Denis McLean (NZ), Paul Hasluck, Sam Atyeo & John Hood, Don Willesee & Bill Hayden, others & conference & US documentation (b) Study of Evatt by Prof Owen Harries, correspondence (c) John Burton (d) Correspondence with Bill Forsyth (e) Universal Declaration on Human Rights 1948: articles, & correspondence, Gough Whitlam, Elizabeth Evatt, R Brucken, R Harry; (a) Review of ‘A Delicate Mission’, by Carl Bridge, AJIA (b) Casey conference (AIIA) 2010, and correspondence

Herbert Vere Evatt, R G Casey, 1951-2011 (File 40) - Box 8
Herbert Vere Evatt, R G Casey, 1944-1998 (File 41) - Box 8
Garfield Barwick, 1987-2009 (File 42) - Box 8

(a) Covering notes (2) (b) Obituaries (2) (c) Konfrontasi articles (d) Other articles (3) (e) Correspondence with Barwick (and son) (f) Correspondence regarding (g) Reference material by and about (h) Photographs

Garfield Barwick, 1962-2001 (File 43) - Box 9
Paul Hasluck, 1964-1998 (File 44) - Box 9

(a) Correspondence with Hasluck (and son) (b) Published articles (2, with Prof Joan Beaumont, 1995, 1998) (c) Unpublished article (Hasluck and the United Nations, 1996) (d) Correspondence

Paul Hasluck, 1995-2010 (File 45) - Box 9
Gough Whitlam, 1978-2009 (File 46) - Box 9

(a) AGE 11/11/05 (b) Correspondence

Series 8. DFA personalities

Series 8 contains two commission biographical notes and published and unpublished writings on Australian heads of mission in Asia, plus correspondence with them and on them and supporting documentation.

ADB: Alan Watt, Murray Bouchier, 1981-2009 (File 47) - Box 9
Australian ambassadors in Asia, 1952-2002 (File 48) - Box 9

(i) Jim Plimsoll (in Korea); (ii) Mick Shann (in Indonesia) (iii) Noel Deschamps (in Cambodia) (iv) Walter Crocker (in Indonesia, India), including comments on holdings in Barr Smith Special Collections (v) Macmahon Ball: (in Japan and in SEA), correspondence on published articles in Age and AJIA- Tom Critchley, Jenny Ellis, Bill Forsyth, Jim Jamieson, Sue Langford, David Lowe, David McNicol, Alan Rix, Dick Rosecrance, Michael Sawer, Francis Stuart, Eric Ward, documentation, & Melbourne University functions

Australian ambassadors in Asia, 1964-2000 (File 49) - Box 10
Australian ambassadors in Asia, 1958-2013 (File 50) - Box 10
Australian ambassadors in Asia, 1946-2011 (File 51) - Box 10
Australian ambassadors in Asia, 1948-2001 (File 52) - Box 10

Series 9. DFAT and bureaucratic history

‘The diplomatic service’; - entry in Oxford Companion to Australian Politics, Submissions to 2020 Summit, DEA & Appeasement (article & correspondence), Articles, reviews, addresses & drafts, 1963-2011 (File 53) - Box 10

(a) governance (with docs) (b) foreign policy: ‘place in the world’

Series 10. Australian foreign policy in Asia

Almost all the papers in this series were commissioned and written in Woodard's academic capacity after retirement from DFA.

Publications, 1991-2010 (File 54) - Box 11

(A) Paper for the Asia Society, New York 1993 (B) Paper for AIIA (Vic): Australia and Asia 1992 (C) Indonesia: 'Best Practice in Australian Foreign Policy – Konfrontasi', AJPH correspondence Tom Critchley, R O'Neill; 'Strengthening through Adversity'; 'AIDA'; comments on paper on Richard Kirby (D) Article for CIIA, Timor 2000 & correspondence (E) Pacific Community 1984, G20 & APC (F) 'Australia and Asia', in Deakin U Study Guide, Exploring Asia 1995 (G) Articles, lectures, reviews AJIA - Middle Power Dreaming 2013, etc

Publications, 1984-2010 (File 55) - Box 11
Human Rights, 1989-1997 (File 56) - Box 11

Comprising 1 Articles; 2 Articles by AIIA (Vic) working group; 3 Lectures & conferences; 4 China & SEA; 5 Correspondence; 6 Mackie & Sheridan. Australia played an active role on human rights in the drafting of the Universal Declaration and in ensuing debates when Herbert Vere Evatt was President of the United Nations General Assembly. There was then an hiatus until Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser took up the anti-apartheid cause in South Africa. This coincided with a new emphasis on human rights in American foreign policy under President Jimmy Carter. Human rights in ipso gained salience in Australian foreign policy in the 1980s under Bill Hayden and Gareth Evans, and their departmental heads Stuart Harris and Mike Costello. Key developments were the emergence of the democracy movement in Burma (q v) after 8.8.88 and the Tiananmen massacre in China in June 1989. A counter-attack based on Asian values was mounted in the region, especially by Singapore and Malaysia, and muddied the waters. Samuel Huntington's The Clash of Civilisations also played a part and was strongly criticised by Australia. The most notable Australian defence was by Prime Minister Paul Keating in a speech in Singapore in 1995. Much heat was taken out of the debate in 1997 by the Asian financial crisis. In 1888-9, and in the first half of the 1990s. Woodard wrote on these subjects, including on Dr Evatt's contribution (q v), convened an AIIA visitors workshop in 1993 (q v), and a small working group under the auspices of the AIIA (Vic), which led to publications, delivered a course of lectures in the law and political science faculties at the University of Melbourne, participated in conferences ,worked with activist groups or individuals in regard to Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore as well of course as Burma and China, and conducted correspondence; that with Prof Jamie Mackie (ANU) and a review of Greg Sheridan raise some of the thorny issues debated in the 1990s.

Human Rights, 1989-2000 (File 57) - Box 11

Series 11. China

Documents in this series relate to Woodard's period as Ambassador to China, 1976-80, and responsibility for China in DFA before and after, and to his time on the staff of the University of Melbourne from 1986

Article on 1955 offshore islands crisis and recognition (1991) and correspondence, 1975-6 DFA talk as FAS/DFA, eulogy on Mao, Beijing 1976-80, notes on visit to Qinghai with/by Danny Kane 1978, Kane on Xian, dispatches 1980, correspondence, 1950-2014 (File 58) - Box 11
‘A diplomat in China’, correspondence, 1978-2014 (File 59) - Box 11
Articles, reviews, and book chapter on the bilateral relationship, 1970-2005 (File 60) - Box 12
Correspondence, 1976-2011 (File 61) - Box 12
China and Taiwan: Senate FDT Committee, a note, articles and correspondence, 1996-2015 (File 62) - Box 12

Series 12. Japan

Woodard was also responsible in DEA for Japan and the Koreas in 1975-6 and 1985-6

Australia-Japan Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation 1976: monographs, correspondence, and photographs, 1976-1989 (File 63) - Box 12
Australia-Japan Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation 1976: monographs, correspondence, and photographs, 1971-2006 (File 64) - Box 12
Australia-Japan Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation 1976: monographs, correspondence, and photographs, 1976-2007 (File 65) - Box 12
Australia - Japan and China - Articles, lecture notes, 1986-2012 (File 66) - Box 13

Series 13. The Koreas

Korean War (Oxford - Australian Politics), Draft history of Australian-DPRK diplomatic relations and references, Correspondence etc with and participation in the Federation of Democratic Leaders of the Asia-Pacific, at the invitation of South Korea's first democratic President, Kim Dae-jung, with particular attention to human rights and specifically to Burma, Articles, 1973-2009 (File 67) - Box 13

Series 14. ANZUS

As is common enough, the United States was at the forefront of much of Woodard's career as diplomat, policy planner and head of intelligence assessments. The US figures prominently throughout series 2-13. In retirement, Woodard spent time in American archives and also in New Zealand, where he was greatly assisted by the departmental historian Malcolm Templeton, and taped interviews with all New Zealand's most senior diplomats.

US-Australian relations, US, including William Bundy review on H-Diplo, Bush in Asia (3), correspondence Paul Kennedy (& review), James Kelly & John Dorrance, miscellaneous postings on H-Diplo, ANZUS (v. also 11.7), 1986-2014 (File 68) - Box 13
New Zealand correspondence, 1946-2011 (File 69) - Box 13

Includes Malcolm Templeton (official historian), Bruce Brown, Sir Frank Corner, Dennis Maclean, Jack Shepherd, Hunter Wade, Bryce Harland (& cassette), etc, an Australian perspective from Alex Borthwick , NZ archival material with Australian connection.

New Zealand correspondence, 1992-1997 (File 70) - Box 13
New Zealand correspondence, 1944-1966 (File 71) - Box 14
New Zealand correspondence, 1944-1965 (File 72) - Box 14

Series 15. Burma

Active in supporting the democracy movement in Burma (Myanmar) and Aung San Suu Kyi from 1988, was co-patron of the Australia-Burma Council with Sir William Keys from 1989, and spoke, wrote and conducted an active international correspondence, including with Aung San Suu Kyi's husband Prof Michael Aris and her "Western mother", Lady Patricia Gore-Booth, a fellow South Australian: except for their correspondence, which is closed, the filed correspondence is selective only, as indicative of its domestic and international range.

Aung San Suu Kyi: a note, University of Melbourne, etc; U Myint Thein, former Chief Justice, 1979-2010 (File 73) - Box 14
Aung San Suu Kyi: a note, University of Melbourne, etc; U Myint Thein, former Chief Justice, 1955 (File 74) - Box 14
Australia-Burma Council, 1989-, Parliamentary Friends of Burma, including Australian policy, aid, travel, human rights training, ICC, 1988-1996 (File 75) - Box 14
Australia-Burma Council, 1989-, Parliamentary Friends of Burma, including Australian policy, aid, travel, human rights training, ICC, 1990-2012 (File 76) - Box 15
Australia-Burma Council, 1989-, Parliamentary Friends of Burma, including Australian policy, aid, travel, human rights training, ICC, 1989-2010 (File 77) - Box 15
Australia-Burma Council, 1989-, Parliamentary Friends of Burma, including Australian policy, aid, travel, human rights training, ICC, 1989-2010 (File 78) - Box 15
Correspondence, Australian and external, 1989-2011 (File 79) - Box 15
Correspondence, Australian and external, 1988-1997 (File 80) - Box 16
Correspondence, Australian and external, 1989-1999 (File 81) - Box 16
Correspondence, Australian and external, 1990-2009 (File 82) - Box 16
Correspondence, Australian and external, 1989-2008 (File 83) - Box 16
Speech notes, articles etc, 1988-2005 (File 84) - Box 16
Speech notes, articles etc, 1988-2011 (File 85) - Box 17
GW : key documents, 1974 (File 86) - Box 17
Correspondence with Prof Michael Aris, Lady Gore-Booth (File 87) - Box 17

Conditions Governing Access

NOTE: File 87 is not available for research until 2020.


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