Technical Report No.5 - Mulga Lands (February 1988)

Holding Library Call Number
ISBN: 1031-8321??
Holding Library
Soil Conservation Service of NSW
Notes
This document is provided for general information or historical interest and may contain some information that is no longer accurate or up to date or does not represent current best practice. Readers are warned not to rely on this information alone, and should obtain their own advice before making any decisions.

Contents

RANGELAND REVIEW MULGA LANDS 1
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE OF N.S.W. TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES 2
A REVIEW OF INFORMATION RELEVANT TO THE MULGA RANGELANDS OF WESTERN NEW SOUTH WALES 3
EDITOR’S PREFACE 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
CONTENTS 7 , 8
1. INTRODUCTION 9 , 10
2. LOCATION AND LAND USE 2.1 LOCATION 11 , 12
2.2 LAND USE IN N.S.W. 13 , 14 , 15
3. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT (N.S.W.) 3.1 CLIMATE 3.1.1 Rainfall 16
3.1.2 Temperature 16 , 17 , 18 , 19
3.1.3 Wind 20
3.1.4 Evaporation 20 , 21 , 22 , 23
3.1.5 Drought 24
3.1.6 Climate and Plant Growth 24 , 25 , 26
3.2 LANDFORMS 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31
3.3 SOILS 3.3.1 Soil Types 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40
3.3.2 Soil/Moisture Relationships 41 , 42
3.3.3 Soil Fertility 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46
4. VEGETATION 4.1 CLASSIFICATION OF THE VEGETATION 47
4.1.1 Classification Based on Dominant Species in Tallest Stratum 47 , 48
4.1.2 Classification Based on Dominant Species in More than One Stratum 48 , 49 , 50 , 51
4.2 SPECIES PRESENT IN THE MULGA RANGELANDS OF N.S.W. 51
4.2.1 Hard Mulga Country 52 , 53 , 54 , 55
4.2.2 Soft Mulga Country 55 , 56 , 57 , 58
5. TYPES OF MULGA RANGELAND 5.1 INTRODUCTION 59 , 60
5.2 LAND SYSTEMS 60
5.3 LANDFORM/SOIL ASSOCIATIONS 5.3.1 Hard and Soft Red Country 60 , 61 , 62
5.3.2 Soil-Landscape Regions 62 , 63 , 64 , 65
5.4 BIOPHYSICAL REGIONS 66 , 67
6. ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES 6.1 SOILS, PLANTS AND ANIMALS 68 , 69
6.1.1 The Role of Soil 69 , 70
6.1.2 The Role of Plants 70 , 71
6.1.3 The Role of Animals 71 , 72 , 73 , 74
6.2 FIRE 74 , 75
6.3 RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT 6.3.1. Effects of Season on Pasture 76
6.3.2 Effects of Grazing 76 , 77 , 78
6.3.3 Effects of Fire on Shrubs 78 , 79 , 80
6.3.4 Effects of Mechanical Disturbance 81 , 82 , 83
7. RANGE MANAGEMENT 7.1 INTRODUCTION* 84 , 85 , 86
7.2 CONSTRAINTS OF THE MULGA RANGELANDS 86
7.2.1 Availabi1ity of Moisture 86
7.2.2 Other Factors Affecting Productivity 86 , 87
7.3 EXISTING MANAGEMENT 7.3.1 Grazing 87 , 88
7.3.2 Cropping 89
7.3.3 Farm Water Supplies 89
7.3.4 Control of Native and Feral Animals 90 , 91 , 92
7.4 ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS 7.4.1 Conservative Stocking Rates 92 , 93
7.4.2 Grazing Strategies 93 , 94 , 95
7.4.3 Drought Management 7.4.3.1 General Considerations 95 , 96
7.4.3.2 Feeding Mulga 96 , 97 , 98 , 99
7.4.4 Shrub Management 99
7.4.4.1 Herbicides 99 , 100
7.4.4.2 Prescribed Burning 100 , 101
7.4.4.3 Goat Grazing 101 , 102
7.4.4.4 Mechanical Treatments 102
7.4.4.5 Constraints to the Adoption of Shrub Management Strategies 102 , 103 , 104
7.4.5 Managing the "Grass Seed" Problem* 104
7.4.6 Planning Property Development 104 , 105
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 7 Examples of Clearing and Cultivation Conditions Imposed on Western Division Leases in the Mulga Rangeland 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113
8. DEGRADATION AND REHABILITATION 8.1 LAND DEGRADATION 114
8.1.1 Wind Erosion 114 , 115
8.1.2 Water Erosion 115
8.1.3 Changes in Pasture Composition 115 , 116
8.1.4 Inedible Woody Shrubs 116
8.1.5 Termite Nests 116 , 117
8.2 REHABILITATION OF ERODED SOILS 8.2.1 Contour furrowing 117 , 118
8.2.2 Tyne Pitting 118
8.2.3 Waterspreading 118 , 119 , 120
8.3 REHABILITATION OF DEGRADED VEGETATION 120
8.3.1 Reduced Stocking 120 , 121
8.3.2 Plant Introduction and Reseeding Pastures 121 , 122 , 123
9. REFERENCES 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158
10. APPENDIX SPECIES OF THE MULGA RANGELANDS OF N.S.W. 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 , 215 , 216 , 217 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 224 , 225 , 226 , 227 , 228 , 229 , 230 , 231 , 232 , 233 , 234 , 235 , 236 , 237 , 238 , 239 , 240 , 241 , 242 , 243 , 244 , 245 , 246 , 247 , 248 , 249 , 250 , 251 , 252 , 253 , 254 , 255 , 256 , 257 , 258 , 259 , 260 , 261 , 262 , 263 , 264 , 265 , 266 , 267 , 268 , 269 , 270 , 271 , 272 , 273 , 274 , 275 , 276 , 277 , 278 , 279 , 280 , 281 , 282 , 283 , 284 , 285 , 286 , 287 , 288 , 289 , 290 , 291 , 292
ERRATA 295

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