Technical Report No.9 - Saltbush Plains (November 1988)

Holding Library Call Number
ISBN: 1031-8321??
Holding Library
Soil Conservation Service of NSW
Notes
This document is provided for general information or historical interest and may contain some information that is no longer accurate or up to date or does not represent current best practice. Readers are warned not to rely on this information alone, and should obtain their own advice before making any decisions.

Contents

RANGELAND REVIEW SALTBUSH PLAINS 1
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE OF N. S .W. TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES 2
A REVIEW OF INFORMATION RELEVANT TO THE SALTBUSH PLAIN RANGELANDS OF WESTERN NEW SOUTH WALES 3
EDITOR'S PREFACE 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7
CONTENTS 8 , 9 , 10
1. INTRODUCTION 11 , 12
2. LOCATION AND LAND USE 2.1 LOCATION 13
2.2 LAND USE IN NEW SOUTH WALES 2.2.1 Grazing 13 , 14 , 15 , 16
2.2.2 Nature Conservation 16 , 17
2.2.3 Other Land Uses 17
3. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT (N.S.W. ) 3.1 CLIMATE 3.1.1 Rainfall 18
3.1.2 Evaporation 18
3.1.3 Temperature and Humidity 18 , 19 , 20 , 21
3.1.4 Wind 22
3.1.5 Drought 22 , 23 , 24 , 25
3.1.6 Floods 26
3.1.7 Climate and Plant Growth 26 , 27
3.2 LANDFORMS 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31
3.3 SOILS 3.3.1 Soil Types 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43
3.3.2 Soil Fertility 43 , 44 , 45
3.4 SOIL EROSION 46
3.4.1 Types of Erosion 46 , 47 , 48 , 49
3.4.2 Extent of Erosion: 49
4. VEGETATION 4.1 INTRODUCTION 50
4.2 DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE VEGETATION ON THE SALTBUSH PLAINS 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55
4.3 PLANT SPECIES PRESENT ON THE SALTBUSH PLAINS 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61
5. TYPES OF SALTBUSH PLAIN COUNTRY 5.1 INTRODUCTION 62
5.2 RAINFALL ZONES 62
5.3 LANDSCAPE AND BIOPHYSICAL CLASSIFICATIONS 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72
5.4 RURAL LAND CAPABILITY 73
5.5 A CLASSIFICATION EMPLOYED BY A GRAZIER OF THE SALTBUSH PLAIN 73
6. RANGELAND PROCESSES 6.1 INTRODUCTION 74
6.2 GENERAL INTERACTIONS 6.2.1. Growth and Productivity 75 , 76
6.2.2 Soil and Water Factors 76 , 77 , 78
6.2.3 Nutrient Cycling 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82
6.2.4 Patterning in A. vesicaria Communities 83
6.3 RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT 6.3.1 Rainfall 83 , 84 , 85
6.3.2 Grazing 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90
6.3.3 Fire 90 , 91
6.3.4 Flooding 91
6.3.5 Clearing 91 , 92
6.3.6 Application of Fertilisers 92 , 93
6.3.7 Insects 93 , 94
7. MANAGEMENT OF THE SALTBUSH PLAINS RANGELANDS 7.1 CONSTRAINTS OF THE RANGELAND 7.1.1 Climatic Constraints. 95
7.1.2 High Salt Content of Diet and Associated Stock Water Requirements 95 , 96
7.1.3 Lack of Shade and Shelter 97 , 98 , 99 , 100
7.1.4 Grass Seed 100
7.1.5 Grazing by Native and Feral Animals 100 , 101 , 102
7.1.6 Scalding 102
7.1,7 Lack of Suitable Introduced Species and Sowing Technology 102 , 103 , 104
7.2 EXISTING MANAGEMENT 7.2.1. Stock type 104
7.2.2 Stocking Rates and Carrying Capacities 105
7.2.3 Grazing Systems 105
7.3 ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111
8. DEGRADATION AND REHABILITATION 8.1 LAND DEGRADATION 112
8.1.1 Soil Erosion 112
8.1.2 Pasture Deterioration 112 , 113 , 114 , 115
8.2 REHABILITATION OF ERODED SOILS 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121
8.3 REHABILITATION OF DEGRADED PASTURES 8.3.1 Rehabilitation by Grazing Management 121
8.3.2 Rehabilitation by Reseeding 121 , 122 , 123 , 124
9. REFERENCES 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159
10. APPENDIX PLANT SPECIES OF THE SALTBUSH PLAINS OF N.S.W.: 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 , 215 , 216 , 217 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 224 , 225 , 226 , 227 , 228 , 229 , 230 , 231 , 232 , 233 , 234 , 235 , 236 , 237 , 238 , 239 , 240 , 241 , 242 , 243 , 244 , 245 , 246 , 247 , 248 , 249 , 250 , 251 , 252 , 253 , 254 , 255 , 256 , 257 , 258 , 259 , 260 , 261 , 262 , 263 , 264 , 265 , 266 , 267 , 268 , 269 , 270 , 271 , 272 , 273 , 274 , 275 , 276 , 277 , 278 , 279 , 280 , 281 , 282 , 283 , 284

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