The bookfellow : the Australasian review and journal of the Australasian book trade

Call Number
Nf 820.5 A BOO
Created/Published
Sydney : Bookfellow, 1911-[1925?]
Issue
Vol. 2 No. 7 (1 July 1913)
Images
28
Notes
Continuous pagination, includes trade supplement.
View Catalogue

Text

The Bookfellow  

TH AUSTRALASIAN REVIEW.  

MONTHLY.- Vol. 11, No. 7.  

JULY 1, 1913.  

SIX SHILLINGS YEAH.  

Registered at the General Post  

Sydney, for transmission by post as newspaper.  

Single Copy 6d.  

REVIEWS.  

HEREDITY  

by J. A. Thomson  

John Murray 9s. net.  

This is the second edition of an un-  

usually able book, in which the author,  

with long labour and rare power of  

reasoning, has surveyed the experiments  

and hypotheses of thousand observers,  

and has reduced their acquirement to an  

orderly system of knowledge.  

In Prof. Thomson’s definition, “here-  

dity” is not an entity, force, or prin-  

ciple. It expresses relationship; it is  

lerm for the parent-and-offspring rela-  

tion between successive generations of  

living organisms. He defines “inheri-  

tance" as the hereditary acquirement,  

including all that an organism is or has  

to start with in view of its hereditary  

relation. Thus “heredity” is the link,  

or series of links, between successive  

‘‘inheritances.”  

Standard Text Book  

Prof. Thomson inquires how the par-  

ent-and-child relation of heredity varies;  

)'h) it varies; how and why inheritance  

is altered by environment, by disease, by  

fX He applies his conclusions to socio-  

logy? and discusses the influence of indi-  

vidual heredity upon the inheritance of  

the race. His work is designed for gene-  

ral readers; it is clearly written, and  

appeals to every thoughtful person.  

Hany pictorial illustrations in black and  

colour are given. bibliography of  

suxty pages, with useful subject index,  

is added for particular enquirers.  

It is, of course, commonplace that  

cnld inherits the characters of its par-  

ents; or, in the popular phrase, “like be-  

gets like. In the scientific phrase, like  

tends to beget like; since there is usually  

general correspondence between  

and other characters of  

child and the same characters in the par-  

ent®' Parei Ts reproduce themselves with  

difference.  

This difference, in bisexual species,  

essentially is due to “the halving of the  

germ-cells. In the microscopic examin-  

ton of living cell it is found that some  

par ides take readily the staining colour  

t’set making observations. These  

particles are called chromosomes. It is  

an accepted fact of observation that the  

nuclei of the germ-cells which unite in  

fertilisation contain each one-half of the  

number of chromosomes contained in  

other cells of an organism.  

he chromosomes must be supposed to  

contain some characteristic qualities of  

the nuclei; and their numerical reduction  

in the germ-cells explains the varying  

influence of ancestry in heredity. Varia-  

tions of inheritance are due to’ the halv-  

ing of the germ-cells, involving often  

preponderance of one parent and an ex-  

trusion of characters due to another par-  

ent. This part of the scientific explana-  

tion of heredity may be made clearer to  

general readers.  

Factors in the Germ-cells  

In the human species paternal germ-  

cell contains sixteen ‘‘chromosomes”  

or evident factors of character  

JOHN, JOHN, JOHN, JOHN, JOHN  

JOHN, JOHN. JOHN, John. John, John!  

John, John, John, John, John,  

hese. however, are not simple factors,  

but represent complicated inheritance  

from number of ancestors. For in-  

stance. taking one step backward in here-  

dity, the factors may be  

JOHN, JOHN, JOHN, JOHN, John, John,  

John John,  

derived from one grandparent, and  

Jane, Jane, Jane, Jane, Jane, Jane, Jane, Jane,  

derived from the other grandparent; so  

that representation of the sixteen char-  

acters in paternal germ-cell might be  

more truly  

JOHN, JOHN, JOHN, JOHN, John, John,  

John, John, Jane. Jane, Jane Jane, Jane,  

Jane Jane, Jane.  

Even this does not fully suggest the com-  

plication. since in heredity, though par-  

ents exercise apparently preponderating  

influence, the factors of inheritance may  

seemingly be varied to the limit of their  

number; so that correct representation  

of the characters in paternal germ-cell,  

half derived from the grandfather and  

half from the grandmother, might be on  

the grandfather’s side  

JOHN, WILLIAM, SARAH, HENRY, Fred-  

erick, Agnf.s, Minnie, Clara,  

and on the grandmother’s side  

Jane, Edward, Christopher, Hannah, Maud,  

Thomas, Julius, Vera  

—since factors on the paternal side do  

not necessarily represent male ancestors,  

and factors on the maternal side do not  

necessarily represent female ancestors.  

hits paternal germ-cell apparently  

might have sixteen different factors  

JOHN, WILLIAM, SARAH, HENRY, Fred-  

erick, Agnes, Minnie, Clara, Jane, Edward,  

Christopher, Hannah, Maud, Thomas, Julius,  

era  

Similarly maternal germ-cell apparent-  

ly might have been sixteen different  

factors  

ALBERT, CHARLES, CAROLINE, AN-  

DREW, Susan, Mary, James, Matthew,  

Winifred, Ellen, Mark, Jessie, Dora, Paul,  

Peter, Cynthia.  

Parental Characters Predominate  

As rule, it appears that the factors of  

the parents predominate, so that an aver-  

age statement of ancestral characters in  

paternal germ-cell might be  

JOHN, JOHN, JOHN, JOHN, Sarah,  

Sarah, Henry, Frederick, Jane, Jane, Jane,  

Jane, Edward, Edward, Christopher, Hannah  

And an average statement of ancestral  

characters in maternal germ-cell might  

be  

ALBERT, ALBERT, ALBERT, ALBERT,  

Charles, Charles, Caroline, Andrew,  

Winifred, Winifred, Winifred, Winifred,  

Ellen, Ellen, Mark, Jessie  

The union of paternal and maternal  

germ-cells on this plan would therefore  

result in son- or daughter-cell with  

thirty-two characters  

John, John, John, John, Sarah, Sarah, Henry,  

Frederick, Jane, Jane, Jane, Jane, Edward,  

Edward, Christopher, Hannah, Albert, Al-  

bert, Albert, Albert, Charles, Charles, Caro-  

line, Andrew, Winifred, Winifred, Winifred,  

Winifred, Ellen, Ellen, Mark, Jessie  

But, since the species is apparently  

limited to sixteen characters, the over-  

plus of sixteen characters is extruded in  

the union of paternal and maternal germ-  

cells so that the resulting son- or daugh-  

ter-cell contains only sixteen characters  

like its predecessors. The extrusion is  

fact, but the laws governing the ex-  

trusion are not known. Hypothetically  

there is prepotency on the part of some  

factors which issues in the elimination  

of other factors from the new cell. The  

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APA citation

(1911). The bookfellow : the Australasian review and journal of the Australasian book trade Retrieved August 12, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-842966428

MLA citation

The bookfellow : the Australasian review and journal of the Australasian book trade Sydney: Bookfellow, 1911. Web. 12 August 2025 <http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-842966428>

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1911, The bookfellow : the Australasian review and journal of the Australasian book trade Bookfellow, Sydney viewed 12 August 2025 http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-842966428

Wikipedia citation

{{Citation
  |
  | title=The bookfellow : the Australasian review and journal of the Australasian book trade.
  | year=1911
  | section=v. ; 32 cm.
  | edition=Trade ed.
  | issue=Vol. 2 No. 7 (1 July 1913)
  | location=Sydney
  | publisher=Bookfellow
  | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-842966428
  | id=nla.obj-842966428
  | access-date=12 August 2025
  | via=Trove
}}

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