Guide to the Papers of Cecil Hackett
MS 9580
National Library of Australia View Catalogue Record
Created: ©2005.
Collection Summary
- Creator
- Hackett, Cecil, 1905-1995
- Title
- Papers of Cecil Hackett
- Date Range
- 1850-1997
- Collection Number
- MS 9580
- Extent
- 4 metres (20 boxes + 3 folios)
- Language of Materials
- English
- Repository
- NLA
Introduction
Scope and Content
The collection comprises correspondence, diaries, notebooks, journal articles, newscuttings, reports, reprints, photographs, glass negatives, lantern slides and x-rays.
They document Hackett's career as a doctor, anthropologist and medical researcher. While there is a small amount of material relating to his anthropological studies among the Aborigines in Central Australia in the 1920s and 1930s, the bulk of his papers relate to his medical research on yaws and other tropical diseases in Africa and South East Asia. As a result of his research, he became an acknowledged world expert in this field. Hackett was a prolific writer and the papers contain copies of a large number of his journal articles.
Correspondents include T. Draper Campbell, Sir John Cleland, Robert Edwards, Frank Fenner, H. H. Finlayson, R. W. Hornabrook, Ivan Magary, Charles Mountford, Cyril Mudford, Ted Steinbock, Norman Tindale, David Ungar and various staff from the World Health Organisation, the South Australian Museum and the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS).
Access
The collection is available for reference.
Copying and Publishing
Copying and publishing of unpublished manuscript material is subject to copyright restrictions. For such material, written permission to publish must be obtained from the copyright holder(s). Copying of unpublished material for research purposes is permissible 50 years after the death of the creator of the material.
Preferred Citation
Items from this collection should be cited as '[Title or description of manuscript item], Papers of Cecil Hackett, National Library of Australia, MS 9580, [series and file number]'.
Provenance
The collection was donated to the Library by Mrs Beatrice Hackett in two instalments in 1997 and 1998.
Arrangement
The two instalments have been amalgamated and arranged into 11 series. On arrival, the papers were disordered and they have been sorted into series by Library staff.
Separated Material
In 1967 Hackett donated a large collection of photographic negatives of his expeditions to Central Australia to the South Australian Museum in Adelaide. It also holds manuscript material relating to these expeditions. Photographic material has also been donated to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies in Canberra. The AIATSIS Library also holds copies of Hackett's published works and manuscripts on the Australian Aborigines.
Biographical Note
Cecil John Hackett was born in Norwood, South Australia on 25 April 1905. He attended St. Peter's College and Queen's School, Adelaide and then went on to study medicine at Adelaide University (1922-1927).
In 1927 he was a member of the University's first anthropological trip to Central Australia. It was on this trip that he first met an Aboriginal woman with grossly bent legs and arms known as 'boomerang leg'. Hackett graduated in medicine from Adelaide University in 1927. After spending a year at the Adelaide General Hospital he travelled to London and studied at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 1929-30.
After a brief period with the Colonial Service, in Shanghai in 1932, he returned to Adelaide due to ill-health. In 1933 he was invited to accompany Norman Tindale, an anthropologist from the South Australian Museum, on a two month expedition to the Mann and Musgrave Ranges in Central Australia where they documented the movements and social structure of the Pitjantjatjara people. During this trip Hackett again saw a child with some scabs and 'boomerang leg' and he began his quest to find out the cause of the deformity.
In 1934 he received a grant from the Sheridan Research Fund of the Adelaide University and set off again to Central Australia. At this time he thought that yaws, a contagious skin disease, was the cause of the deformity but through his research he was able to prove that it was a non-venereal treponomal infection. In 1936 he was awarded a Doctor of Medicine for his investigations of 'boomerang leg'.
Returning to England in 1935 Hackett worked in the Anatomy Department of Cambridge University. In 1937 he received a Senior Research Fellowship from the British Medical Research Council Fellowship to study tropical medicine. He set off for Lango in Uganda to study the incidence of yaws and syphilis. Hackett completed his research in 1940 and received a doctorate. However, his major work on this subject, Bone lesions of yaws in Uganda, was not published until 1951.
In 1940 Hackett joined the RAF, serving principally in malaria prevention programs in Sierra Leone, India and Burma. At the end of the war, he returned to London and became the Director of the Wellcome Museum of Medical Science where he played a major role in building up the Institution to be a major centre for research in tropical medicine.
In 1954 he was invited to join the World Health Organisation in Geneva where he became a Medical Officer in the Venereal Diseases and Treponematoses Section. His main area of work was to implement programs to control yaws with penicillin.
On his retirement in 1965, Hackett returned to London and continued his studies of treponemal diseases, becoming an acknowledged world expert. He also became interested in the diagnosis of disease by studying dated human remains. He produced some 90 published scientific papers, as well as about 30 unpublished reports on yaws, medical museums and physical anthropology.
Cecil Hackett died in England in April 1995.
Hackett also wrote many journal articles, reports and papers. There are too many to list here. A detailed listing of his works up to 1983 can be found in a curriculum vitae in Series 3, File 9.
Publications
- Boomerang leg and yaws in Australian Aborigines, London, Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1936
- Bone lesions of yaws in Uganda, Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1951
- Nomenclature internationale des lesions pianiques, Geneva, World Health Organisation, 1958
- Differential diagnosis of yaws, (with L. J. A. Loewenthal), Geneva, World Health Organisation, 1960
- Diagnostic criteria of syphilis, yaws and treponarid (treponematoses) and of some other diseases in dry bones (for use in osteo-archaeology), New York, Springer-Verlag, 1976
Item Descriptions
Series 1. Correspondence, 1929-1992
Hackett's correspondence documents his long and distinguished career as a doctor, anthropologist and medical researcher. While the bulk of the letters are of a medical and scientific nature, there is a high content of personal and family information found in them. Many of his work colleagues e.g., T. Draper Campbell, were also friends. Their letters included news on family and friends, reports of current work and comments on medical and scientific issues.
Being an expert in his field, Hackett also received correspondence from other researchers and scientists commenting on his work and seeking advice on various issues. He also used this network for assistance with his own research. There is also a small amount of correspondence between Hackett and various publishers in relation to the publication of some of his writings.
Correspondents include T. Draper Campbell, Sir John Cleland, Robert Edwards, Frank Fenner, H. H. Finlayson, R. W. Hornabrook, Ivan Magary, Charles Mountford, Cyril Mudford, Ted Steinbock, Norman Tindale, David Ungar and various staff from the World Health Organisation, the South Australian Museum and the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS).
Due to the original disordered state of the papers, the Library has imposed its own arrangement. The correspondence has been artificially arranged in date order. However, Hackett kept a small amount of correspondence on certain topics together in files. The arrangement of the material in these files (10-13) has been retained by the Library.
Correspondence, 1953-1954, relating to Hackett's appointment to the World Health Organisation (File 10)
Correspondence, 1967-1970, relating to a visit to Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America in 1967-1968. In Australia, Hackett inspected aboriginal skulls and bones in several museums and universities. (File 11)
Series 2. Diaries, notebooks, 1926-1972
This series consists of 28 diaries kept by Hackett. They provide a record of Hackett's trips to Central Australia and his research work in Africa and South East Asia along with study trips to various other countries. As well as giving a summary of daily events, the diaries also include addresses and notes.
Series 3. Personal documents and memorabilia, 1922-1997
This series consists of certificates, contracts, reports, dinner menus and other items of ephemera kept by Hackett. It also includes personal material such as professional references, a curriculum vitae written by Hackett in 1983 giving a detailed description of his career, his death certificate and copies of obituary notices.
Various certificates and reports belonging to Hackett, 1920-1952, including two school reports (1920 and 1921), a memorandum of agreement with the Adelaide Hospital for the position of Resident Medical Officer (1928) and a contract with the World Health Organisation (1952) (File 1)
Dinner menus: Adelaide University Medical Students' Society, Annual Dinner, 1922-1928, Adelaide University Science Association, Annual Dinner, 1922 and the Queen's College Old Boy's Association, Inaugural Dinner, 1931 (File 2)
University of Adelaide certificates for the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, 1923-1928 (File 3)
Various papers including copies of examination papers, relating to Hackett's admission to the Royal College of Physicians, London, 1931 (File 5)
Hackett's death certificate, obituary notices and correspondence between Mrs Beattie Hackett and AIATSIS and Sarah Joynes relating to Hackett's papers, 1995-1997 (File 6)
Two ring binder entitled 'My life' containing career outlines, lists of publications and itineraries for various overseas trips. The material has been removed from the binder and placed in a file. (File 7)
References written by Hackett for Dr Paul Byers to support his application for admittance to the Royal College of Physicians, 1980-1981 (File 8)
Series 4. Published works, 1927-1987
While Hackett was best known for his writings on yaws, he also undertook pioneering work with the Australian Aborigines and implemented new practices and procedures for medical museums. This series consists of published works by Hackett including books, book chapters, journal articles and symposium papers on these topics.
File 7 contains a bound compilation of journal articles by Hackett from 1927-1954. The remaining journal articles have been listed by year of publication.
Subseries 4_1. Books
The Indonesian yaws control campaign: a report on a study in Indonesia from 19 January to 6 March 1956, Geneva, World Health Organisation, 1956 (File 1)
Nomenclatura internacional de las lesions del pain, Geneva, World Health Organisation, 1958 (File 3)
Subseries 4_3. Journal articles
'Adelaide University field anthropology: Central Australia, No 1: Introduction - descriptive and anthropometric observations', (with T. D. Campbell), reprinted from Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, Vol 51, 1927 (File 7)
'Observations on a new-born Australian Aboriginal infant', (with J. B. Cleland), reprinted from Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, Vol 51, 1927 (File 7)
'An unusual disposal of an Aboriginal child's remains from the lower Murray, South Australia', (with C. P. Mountford and Harold L. Sheard), reprinted from Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, Vol 51, 1927 (File 7)
'Difficult labour, partly due to the large size of the child, in a pure blood Australian Aboriginal woman', (with J. Bernard Dawson, J. B. Cleland and A. A. Wallace), reprinted from Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, Vol 21, 1928 (File 7)
'Preliminary report on field work among the Aborigines of the north-west of South Australia, 1933', (with Norman Tindale), reprinted from Oceania, Vol 4, No 1, September 1933 (File 7)
'Physical anthropology of the Aborigines of Central Australia: Part 1 - anthropometry', reprinted from Oceania, Vol 7, No 1, September 1936 (File 7)
'Physical anthropology of the Aborigines of Central Australia: Part 1 - anthropometry', reprinted from Oceania, Vol 7, No 1, September 1936 (File 7)
'Man and nature in Central Australia', reprinted from The Geographical Magazine, Vol 4, No 4, February 1937 (File 7)
'Tropical hygiene', excerpt from the Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, Vol 68, No 5, September 1948 (File 7)
'The modern medical museum', reprinted from The Bulletin of the International Association of Medical Museums, No 30, November 1949 (File 7)
'The use of plastics in embedding and mounting specimens', reprinted from Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol 43, No 4, January 1950 (File 7)
'A list of medical museums of Great Britain (1949-50)', reprinted from the British Medical Journal, June 1951 (File 7)
'The Duguid-Young technique for making plastic specimen containers', (with W.A. Norman), reprinted from Medical and Biological Illustration, Vol 2, No 3, July 1952 (File 7)
'Modern medical teaching museum', reprinted from Medical and Biological Illustration, Vol 3, No 3, July 1953 (File 7)
'The undergraduate teaching medical museum', reprinted from Proceedings of the first world conference on medical education, London, 1953 (File 7)
'Interstitial keratitis, boomerang legs and yaws in a European boy from the New Hebrides', reprinted from The Medical Journal of Australia, August 1935 (File 8)
'On the carriage of serum for the Wassermann test', reprinted from The Medical Journal of Australia, May 1936 (File 8)
'Some aspects of treponematoses in past populations', Journal of the Anthropological Society of South Australia, Vol 6, No 9, November 1968 (File 8)
'Yaws eradication in Indonesia: Dr Raden Kodijat's contribution', reprinted from the Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol 64, No 4, 1970 (File 8)
'Treponematoses (yaws and treponarid) in exhumed Australian Aboriginal bones', Records of the South Australian Museum, Vol 17, No 27, 1978 (File 8)
'Nomadic career aids yaws sufferers', Adelaide University Graduates' Union Monthly Newsletter and Gazette, December 1978 (File 8)
'Development of caries sicca in a dry calvaria', Virchows Archiv A: Pathological Anatomy and Histology, No 391, 1981 (File 8)
Subseries 4_4. Symposium papers
'Extent and nature of the yaws problem in Africa' and 'Consolidation phase of yaws control: experiences in Africa' papers presented at the First International Symposium on Yaws Control held in Bangkok and later published in First international symposium on yaws control, Geneva, World Health Organisation, 1953 (File 10)
Series 5. Other writings, 1934-1984
This series consists mainly of typescript drafts and reports by Hackett. File two contains articles written by Hackett while working with the World Health Organisation. The articles have been bound together by Hackett and therefore they have been listed in his original order. Some notes and journal articles also appear in the back of this volume. His other works have been listed chronologically. Files 6-10 contain loose pages and chapters from unidentified writings.
'Boomerang legs and yaws in Australian Aborigines': typescript report to the Sheridan Committee of work carried out in 1934-1935 (File 1)
'Antigens - antibody reactions in yaws in man': draft typescripts with corrections accompanied by notes and journal articles on yaws, 1957 (File 2)
'Epidemiology in the control of venereal syphilis in urban areas in underdeveloped areas': draft typescript with corrections, 1957 (File 2)
'Important aspects of campaigns to eradicate endemic treponematoses': draft typescript with corrections, 1959 (File 2)
'Venereal disease and treponematosid control from the international point of view': draft typescript with corrections, 1956 (File 2)
'Pathological changes in Australian Aboriginal and American Indian bones': draft typescript with corrections, December 1971 and typescript 1972 (File 3)
Two ring binder entitled 'Personal thoughts' containing manuscript memoirs on topics including Hackett's education, influences on his life and aspects of his career, 1974-1979. The material has been removed from the binder and placed in files (File 4)
'Health and disease at the time of change of climate of wet to dry in Southern Sahara': typescript notes, 1982 (File 5)
'And the ravens fed him in the desert': dedicated to Bernie and her ravens, July 1982: typescript (File 5)
'A great and gentle man, Dr R. Kodijat': a personal appreciation written in gratitude to his family, 1984 (File 5)
Series 6. Research material, 1921-1994
This series consists of notes, journal articles, newscuttings and tables on a wide range of subjects including Aborigines, anthropology, archaeology, diseases, health, medical research and tropical medicine. Many of the notes are undated and unidentified.
The material is accompanied by a series of index cards containing references for books and journal articles and some general notes.
Series 7. Family history, 1850-1981
Cecil Hackett was born in 1905, the son of Richard William and Bertha Matilda Hackett. His grandfather was Walter Hackett, a pioneer of agricultural and horticultural industries in South Australia and a partner, with his brother, of a seed business in Rundle Street, Adelaide.
This series consists of correspondence relating to Hackett's family history research, certificates, documents and notebooks belonging to family members and photographs of family members and the family home in Brighton, South Australia.
Correspondence with genealogical researchers and various institutions, mainly in England, relating to family history research, 1940-1981 (File 1)
Biographical notes, family tree diagrams and various plans, notes and drawings of the Hackett family home, 'Brighton House', Brighton, South Australia, 1914-1917 (File 2)
Three notebooks kept by Bertha Matilda Hackett. One is entitled 'Recipes' and is undated while the second is entitled 'Nursery' and contains notes, accounts and lists of plants, 1916-1920. The third notebook contains knitting patterns including 'knitted mittens for soldiers' (n.d.). (File 3)
Miscellaneous correspondence and certificates belonging to various members of the Hackett family, 1882-1934. The file includes the marriage certificate of Hackett's parents (1900) and Hackett's certificate of baptism (1905) and papers relating to the estate of Walter Hackett and the family nursery business. (File 4)
Four notebooks kept by Richard William Hackett while he was a prisoner of war in Germany during the First World War (n.d.) (File 5)
Series 8. Other papers, 1959-1995
This series consists of miscellaneous papers mainly of a medical nature, newscuttings and pamphlets.
Copies of Adelaide University Graduates' Union Gazette, 1959-1974, a copy of St Peter's College, Adelaide, South Australia (1978) and miscellaneous pamphlets relating to Adelaide University (File 1)
'A biological centre for Canberra': a proposal submitted to Sir Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia, May 1965 (File 2)
Obituary notices from newspapers and journals of colleagues and other well known figures in the field of medicine and anthropology, 1968-1994 (File 3)
'The Institute's philosophy and function', Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Steering Committee Report, Canberra, 1975 (File 4)
Two reviews of Hackett's book Diagnostic criteria of syphilis, yaws and treponarid (treponematoses) and of some other diseases in dry bones (bulk 1977 and 1978) (File 5)
'Porotic skull lesions: an historical perspective': papers by Patty Stuart Macadam, February 1981 (File 6)
Correspondence, newscuttings and notes, 1975-1995, relating to the establishment of the Florey Memorial Stone in Westminster Abbey in 1981 and the annual Florey commemorations. Hackett was one of the instigators of this project (File 7)
'Smallpox - the most dreadful scourge of the human species: its global spread and recent eradication': The Brailsford Robertson-Florey Lecture of the Medical Sciences Club of South Australia and the University of Adelaide presented by Professor F. Fenner at the University of Adelaide, South Australia, 4 May, 1984 (File 8)
Series 9. Printed material, 1921-1992
This series consists of books and pamphlets on a variety of subjects including the Australian Aborigines, diseases in bones, tropical diseases and yaws. There is a series of reprints on the Aborigines and Australian marsupials written by colleagues and friends of Hackett e.g., T. D. Campbell, Frederic Wood Jones, Sir John Cleland and a bound volume of papers by T. G. H. Strehlow. Other works on the Australian Aborigines contain annotations by Hackett or photographs which he took on his trips to Central Australia.
2 boxes
Series 10. Photographs
This series consists mainly of black and white and some colour photographs belonging to Hackett. Included are portrait and group shots of Hackett, his wife, Beattie and their family and group photographs of Hackett and colleagues he met during his career. There are also albums and contact prints containing material relating to Hackett's research along with travel shots taken during this period.
There are a small number of photographs of Aborigines in Central Australia in the 1920s and 1930s. However, the majority of Hackett's photographs taken during this period are now held by the South Australian Museum and AIATSIS.
The material has been arranged by format, i.e., individual photographs, albums and contact prints and then by subject.
Photographs relating to Hackett's family history research can be found in Series 8.
Series 11. Other photographic material
This series consists of 35mm colour slides, black and white negatives, glass negatives (16), glass lantern slides (14), copper plates (2) and x-rays.
The colour slides include a medical series showing the effects of yaws and other skin diseases in the local population along with 'travel slides' taken by Hackett during his research work in Africa. Hackett originally numbered his slides according to the year that they were taken and by roll number. However, this arrangement has not been maintained over the years and they are now out of sequence.
There are also black and white negatives housed in small wallets and contact negatives which cover Hackett's research in Africa, Brazil and South East Asia. The lantern slides show examples of yaws and other tropical skin diseases while the series of glass negatives and the x-rays are of skeletal bones.
4 boxes
Container List
Series | File/Piece | Box |
---|---|---|
1 | 1-6 | 1 |
1 | 7-13 | 2 |
2 | 1-5 | 2 |
2 | 6-17 | 3 |
2 | 18-28 | 4 |
3 | 1-4 | 4 |
3 | 5-11 | 5 |
4 | 1-2 | 5 |
4 | 3-10 | 6 |
5 | 1-7 | 7 |
5 | 8-11 | 8 |
6 | 1-2 | 8 |
6 | 3-10 | 9 |
6 | 11-12 | 10 |
7 | 1-4 | 10 |
7 | 5-11 | 11 |
8 | 1 | 11 |
8 | 2-10 | 12 |
9 | Printed material | 13 |
9 | Printed material | 14 |
10 | 1-3 | 15 |
10 | 4-11 | 16 |
10 | 12-15 | 17 |
10 | 16-23 | 18 |
10 | 24-27 | 19 |
11 | Photographic material | 20 |
11 | Photographic material | 21 |
11 | Photographic material | 22 |
11 | Photographic material | 23 |